ELDIT (Elektronisches Lernerwörterbuch Deutsch - Italienisch) und elexiko : ein Vergleich

Ziel des folgenden Beitrags ist eine vergleichende Gegenüberstellung der elektronischen Wörterbücher ELDIT („Elektronisches Lernerwörterbuch Deutsch-Italienisch“) und elexiko. Im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung stehen ein allgemeiner Überblick und die Beschreibungen der beiden Benutzerschnittstellen mit entsprechenden Hintergrundinformationen sowie ein technischer Vergleich der beiden Systeme in tabellarischer Form. Die Synopse zeigt, dass beide Wörterbücher einerseits eine Reihe von Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen, die unter anderem in der modularen Struktur und im Zugang zu einzelnen Angabeklassen, aber auch in den eingesetzten Technologien und der Hypermedianutzung bestehen, andererseits unterscheiden sie sich wesentlich voneinander. Aus den möglichen Konstellationen verschiedener Parameter (Adressat, Fachgebiet, Zweck/Benutzungssituation, Medium) ergeben sich nämlich jeweils spezifische Anforderungen, die eine differenzierte Ausgestaltung nicht nur dieser, sondern ein- oder mehrsprachiger Benutzerschnittstellen im Allgemeinen auf mehreren Ebenen nötig machen.The present contribution aims at comparing and contrasting the two electronic dictionaries ELDIT (Electronic Learner's Dictionary German-Italian) and elexiko. The focus of the article lies on outlining and describing the main features of the two user interfaces as well as on providing a table overview over the characteristics of both systems. The synopsis clearly shows the common features of the two dictionaries, such as their modular structure, the way of providing access to the different information categories, the technologies applied and the use of hypermedia facilities. Notwithstanding these similarities, the two tools differ widely from each other. The range of possible combinations of several parameters (e.g. target group, subject field, purpose/context of use, medium) results in specific requirements that necessarily lead to differences at different levels – not only between the tools discussed here but between monolingual or multi-lingual user interfaces in general

From Ictus to Raptus

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Multidisciplinary Studies of Bard College FROM ICTUS TO RAPTUS From Ictus to Raptus is a story about the emergence of sound. This performance is only a human attempt to capture the Event from which all existence emerges (Ictus), and an attempt to interpret and rejoice in the resulting complexity of the world, by tracing multiplicity back to singularity and reuniting it with its origin (Raptus)

Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments

Objectives: The present literature review conceptualises landscape as a health resource that promotes physical, mental, and social well-being. Different health-promoting landscape characteristics are discussed. Methods: This article is based on a scoping study which represents a special kind of qualitative literature review. Over 120 studies have been reviewed in a five-step-procedure, resulting in a heuristic device. Results: A set of meaningful pathways that link landscape and health have been identified. Landscapes have the potential to promote mental well-being through attention restoration, stress reduction, and the evocation of positive emotions; physical well-being through the promotion of physical activity in daily life as well as leisure time and through walkable environments; and social well-being through social integration, social engagement and participation, and through social support and security. Conclusion: This scoping study allows us to systematically describe the potential of landscape as a resource for physical, mental and social well-being. A heuristic framework is presented that can be applied in future studies, facilitating systematic and focused research approaches and informing practical public health intervention

Symbolically maintained inequality. An American case of elite higher education boundary-making

The study of elites is enjoying a revival at a time of increasing economic inequality. Sociologists of education have been leaders in this area, studying how affluent families position their children to compete favourably in a vertically stratified higher education system. However, scholars in the United States have done less research on both the horizontal stratification within the top tier of institutions and how students do symbolic work of their own to bolster elite status. In this study, the authors use qualitative interviews with 56 undergraduates at Harvard and Stanford Universities to explore how students construct the status hierarchy among elite campuses in the U. S. The authors find that Harvard and Stanford students value universities that offer a "well rounded" liberal arts education while criticizing other selective institutions for being, alternatively, too intellectual, overly connected to the old line status system, associated with partying and athletics, or having a student body too single minded about career preparation. Their findings suggest that through constructing these nuanced perceptions of elite universities\u27 distinctiveness, students justify their rarefied positions and contribute to the on-going status distinctions among social elites more generally in the United States. Comments are offered in the conclusion for how this likely differs in countries with less horizontal stratification. (DIPF/Orig.)Untersuchungen zu Eliten erleben einen Aufschwung in Zeiten steigender ökonomischer Ungleichheit. Die Bildungsssoziologie trägt entscheidend dazu bei, indem sie untersucht, wie wohlhabende Familien ihre Kinder im vertikal stratifizierten Hochschulsektor positionieren, um möglichst vorteilhaft konkurrieren zu können. Dennoch existieren in den USA nur wenige Untersuchungen zur horizontalen Stratifizierung zwischen den höchstrangigen Institutionen auf der einen Seite und andererseits zur Frage, wie Studierende selbst daran beteiligt sind, den Elitestatus symbolisch herzustellen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung nutzen die Autorinnen 56 qualitative Interviews mit Studierenden der Universitäten Harvard und Stanford, um nachzuvollziehen wie Studierende Statusunterschiede zwischen Eliteuniversitäten konstruieren. Dabei konnte herausgefunden werden, dass Student*innen von Harvard und Stanford solche Hochschulen wertschätzen, die eine "ausgewogene" geisteswissenschaftliche Ausbildung bieten, während sie andere selektierende Institutionen beispielsweise dafür kritisieren, zu intellektuell oder zu konservativ zu sein, beziehungsweise in Verbindung mit Partys und Sport zu stehen, oder dass diese eine Studierendenschaft aufweisen, die zu sehr auf Karrierevorbereitung bedacht ist. Ihre Ergebnisse legen nah, dass die Studierenden durch Konstruktion solch nuancierter Wahrnehmungen der Besonderheiten elitärer Universitäten ihre exklusiven Positionen begründen und im großen Maße zu den fortlaufenden Statusunterscheidungen sozialer Eliten in den USA beitragen. Im Fazit dieses Artikels finden sich Anmerkungen, wie sich dies von nationalen Bildungssystemen mit geringerer horizontaler Stratifizierung unterscheidet. (DIPF/Orig.

On the {2}-domination number of graphs

[EN] Let G be a nontrivial graph and k ¿ 1 an integer. Given a vector of nonnegative integers w = (w0,...,wk), a function f : V(G) ¿ {0,..., k} is a w-dominating function on G if f(N(v)) ¿ wi for every v ¿ V(G) such that f(v) = i. The w-domination number of G, denoted by ¿w(G), is the minimum weight ¿(f) = ¿v¿V(G) f(v) among all w-dominating functions on G. In particular, the {2}- domination number of a graph G is defined as ¿{2} (G) = ¿(2,1,0) (G). In this paper we continue with the study of the {2}-domination number of graphs. In particular, we obtain new tight bounds on this parameter and provide closed formulas for some specific families of graphs.Cabrera-Martínez, A.; Conchado Peiró, A. (2022). On the {2}-domination number of graphs. AIMS Mathematics. 7(6):10731-10743. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.202259910731107437

Decidability of Conversion for Type Theory in Type Theory

Type theory should be able to handle its own meta-theory, both to justify its foundational claims and to obtain a verified implementation. At the core of a type checker for intensional type theory lies an algorithm to check equality of types, or in other words, to check whether two types are convertible. We have formalized in Agda a practical conversion checking algorithm for a dependent type theory with one universe \ue0 la Russell, natural numbers, and η-equality for Π types. We prove the algorithm correct via a Kripke logical relation parameterized by a suitable notion of equivalence of terms. We then instantiate the parameterized fundamental lemma twice: once to obtain canonicity and injectivity of type formers, and once again to prove the completeness of the algorithm. Our proof relies on inductive-recursive definitions, but not on the uniqueness of identity proofs. Thus, it is valid in variants of intensional Martin-L\uf6f Type Theory as long as they support induction-recursion, for instance, Extensional, Observational, or Homotopy Type Theory